Sergi Borrego-Écija*, Agnès Pérez-Millan*, Anna Antonell, Laura Fort-Aznar, Elif Kaya-Tilki, Alberto León-Halcón, Albert Lladó, Laura Molina-Porcel, Mircea Balasa, Jordi Juncà-Parella, Javier Vitorica, Jose Luis Venero, Tomas Deierborg, Antonio Boza-Serrano, Raquel Sánchez-Valle. (* equivalent contribution). Alzheimer’s & Dementia.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation is a major contributor to the progression of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Galectin-3 (Gal-3), a microglial activation regulator, holds promise as a therapeutic target and potential biomarker. Our study aimed to investigate Gal-3 levels in patients with FTD and assess its diagnostic potential. METHODS We examined Gal-3 levels in brain, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with FTD and controls. Multiple linear regressions between Gal-3 levels and other FTD markers were explored. RESULTS Gal-3 levels were increased significantly in patients with FTD, mainly across brain tissue and CSF, compared to controls. Remarkably, Gal-3 levels were higher in cases with tau pathology than TAR-DNA Binding Protein 43 (TDP-43) pathology. Only MAPT mutation carriers displayed increased Gal-3 levels in CSF samples, which correlated with total tau and 14-3-3. DISCUSSION Our findings underscore the potential of Gal-3 as a diagnostic marker for FTD, particularly in MAPT cases, and highlights the relation of Gal-3 with neuronal injury markers.